The ITA report N°21 titled "Handling, Treatment and Disposal of Tunnel Spoil Materials" was presented this year at the WTC 2019 in Naples.

Handling, treatment and disposal of tunnel muck is today a fundamental issue in a tunnel project.

Considering the potential cost reduction, possible income, and environmental effects of tunnel muck, disposal is an essential issue of the Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) of a tunnel project.