Tunnel lining with segmental rings behind TBMs are reinforced concrete elements and must be calculated and designed according to the standards of reinforced concrete constructions. In tunnelling, however, specific circumstances must be taken in account, which make design much more complicated:

The determination of loads during ring erection, advance of the TBM, earth pressure and bedding of the articulated ring is difficult. The ring model and the design input values must be studied carefully according to the parameters of the surrounding soil.